Introduction to the Promotion Event The “Lhasa in the Clouds – A Highland Invitation” international route promotion conference took place in Singapore on July 8, 2025, marking a significant milestone in the aviation and tourism sectors. This event aimed to promote the newly established Lhasa-Singapore international flight, providing a direct air link between Tibet and...Read More

Introduction: The Reopening of Zhangmu Border The Zhangmu border crossing, situated between Tibet and Nepal, has long held historical significance as a crucial gateway for trade and cultural exchange. This route, historically known as the Nepalese-Tibetan trade route, has facilitated interaction between the two regions for centuries. However, after years of limited access, the Zhangmu...Read More

Introduction The Zhangmu-Kodari border crossing, which bridges Tibet and Nepal, has long served as a key conduit for trade, tourism, and cultural exchange between the two regions. The reopening of this border in July 2025 marks a significant milestone in restoring connectivity and facilitating travel across the Himalayas. Following the catastrophic earthquake in 2015 that...Read More

Introduction to Gönrik Khandroma Gönrik Khandroma stands as a remarkable figure in the tapestry of Tibetan Buddhism, renowned for her role as a female lineage holder within the revered Baishiya Monastery. Her contributions to spiritual teachings and practices can be seen as pivotal in a tradition often characterized by male leadership. Gönrik Khandroma embodies strength,...Read More

Introduction to Machig Labdrön Machig Labdrön, a pivotal figure in Tibetan Buddhism, was born around 1055 CE in the land known as Tibet. Her life and teachings have had a profound impact on the spiritual landscape of the region and continue to resonate with practitioners today. As the founder of the Chöd lineage, Machig Labdrön’s...Read More

Introduction to Rainy Season Retreat The Rainy Season Retreat, also known as “Varsha Vāsa,” is a long-standing tradition within Tibetan Buddhism that holds profound significance. Dating back to the time of the Buddha, this period of retreat is typically observed during the monsoon months, when the weather conditions create difficulties for monks and practitioners to...Read More

Introduction to the Outer Fortresses The outer fortresses of Mangyul are remarkable structures that encapsulate the region’s historical and cultural significance. These fortresses, built during various periods in history, served dual roles as defensive mechanisms and spiritual sanctuaries, contributing to the rich tapestry of Mangyul’s heritage. Located strategically across the landscape, these fortresses were constructed...Read More

Introduction to the Outer Fortresses The outer fortresses of Tibet represent a significant aspect of the region’s historical and architectural narrative. Primarily constructed during periods of political uncertainty and conflict, these fortifications served as critical bastions for protecting local populations and governance structures. Their historical significance is underscored by their strategic locations, typically perched on...Read More

Introduction to Lachi Dudul Phug Lachi Dudul Phug, also known as the Cave of the Demon Tamer, is a spiritually significant site entrenched in the rich tapestry of Tibetan Buddhism. Nestled within the majestic snow-capped mountains of Lachi, this revered cave draws both pilgrims and spiritual seekers who seek enlightenment and solace. The area is...Read More

Introduction to Milarepa and His Legacy Jetsun Milarepa, a revered figure in the realm of Tibetan Buddhism, embodies the essence of transformation and enlightenment. Born in the 11th century, Milarepa is often recognized as one of the most significant saints in the Buddhist tradition, particularly within Vajrayana Buddhism. His remarkable life story, marked by profound...Read More

Introduction to Surpoché Shakya Jungné Surpoché Shakya Jungné, a prominent figure in the 11th century, is recognized as a key master within the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. His contributions to Buddhist scholarship and practice were instrumental in the preservation and systematization of the Nyingma teachings, often referred to as the Ancient Translation School. This...Read More

Introduction to Tibetan Regions The Tibetan regions, an intricate tapestry of culture, geography, and spirituality, encompass a significant expanse within Central Asia. Geographically, Tibet is defined by the Tibetan Plateau, often referred to as the “Roof of the World,” which is the highest and largest plateau on Earth. This region is characterized by its unique...Read More

Introduction to the Twelve Tenma Goddesses The Twelve Tenma Goddesses are revered figures within Tibetan Buddhism, particularly associated with the Nyingma school, which is one of the oldest traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. These Goddesses are seen as powerful protectors, embodying various virtues and attributes associated with safeguarding practitioners on their spiritual paths. Each of the...Read More

Introduction to Dorje Gegkyi Tso Dorje Gegkyi Tso, known as the Goddess of the Great Wrathful Lakes, holds a prominent position within Tibetan Buddhist mythology. She is a revered deity that embodies both strength and compassion, frequently associated with the natural element of water, especially in the form of lakes that are revered in Tibetan...Read More

Introduction to Atisha Dipamkara Atisha Dipamkara (980-1054 CE) is revered as one of the most influential figures in the history of Buddhism, particularly noted for his contributions to the second diffusion of Buddhism in Tibet. Born in what is today Indonesia, Atisha was a learned scholar and practitioner who made significant strides in the dissemination...Read More

Introduction to Panchen Erdini The term ‘Panchen Erdini’ holds profound significance in Tibetan Buddhism, representing a prominent figure within the monastic hierarchy. To fully understand this term, one must delve into its linguistic roots and cultural implications. The word ‘Panchen’ is derived from a combination of Tibetan and Sanskrit, signifying ‘great scholar,’ while ‘Erdini’ translates...Read More

Puntsokling Monastery (彭措林寺, also spelled Phuntsokling or Phun-tshogs-gling) is a historic Tibetan Buddhist monastery located in Lhatse County, on the southern bank of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, within Shigatse City, Tibet Autonomous Region. Situated at an elevation of 4,100 meters, the monastery is a remarkable spiritual and architectural treasure with deep religious significance. A Sacred...Read More

Early Life and Background Vasubandhu was born around 400 CE in Purushapura, which is in modern-day Peshawar, Pakistan. (Tibetan: དབྱིག་གཉེན་ ) His family belonged to a prominent Brahmin lineage, a background that greatly influenced his intellectual and spiritual pursuits. His father, Brahmavatsa, held a significant position as a royal chaplain, which not only granted Vasubandhu access...Read More

Introduction to Asaṅga Asaṅga, an influential figure in Mahāyāna Buddhism, is revered as the founder of the Yogācāra school, also known as the “Mind-Only” school. Flourishing during the 4th to 5th centuries CE in the Indian subcontinent, Asaṅga’s contributions laid foundational stones for the development of Mahāyāna thought and practice. His insights into the nature...Read More

Introduction Dromtönpa Gyalwé Jungné emerges as a pivotal figure in Tibetan Buddhism, credited with the establishment of the Kadam school. His contributions to the spiritual landscape of Tibet are significant, as he not only founded a major Buddhist school but also served as a primary disciple of the revered Indian master Atisha. This affiliation with...Read More