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Exploring Religion in Tibet: Unique Buddhism, Bon Tradition, and Other

In the Tibet Autonomous Region, the predominant faith is Tibetan Buddhism, embraced by the vast majority of residents. Introduced to Tibet from India and mainland China in the 7th century, Tibetan Buddhism gradually took shape with distinctive local characteristics under specific historical circumstances. It assimilated elements of the original religion of the Tibetan Plateau, blending Sutra and Esoteric traditions from Indian Buddhism and Han Buddhism from mainland China.

Tibetan Buddhism, with its national and mass appeal, has not only permeated Tibetan areas but has also extended its influence to certain other minority regions.

Tibetan native Religion: Bon Religion

The Bon religion, an indigenous and ancient faith in Tibet, held a dominant position before the widespread adoption of Buddhism. Despite the growth of Tibetan Buddhism, many people in Tibet still adhere to the Bon religion.

Tibetan Buddhism: Main religious belief in Tibet

Tibetan Buddhism weaves a rich tapestry influenced by various factors, evolving over time to give rise to a distinctive form of Buddhism unique to the region. Its origins trace back to the introduction of Buddhism to Tibet, where it encountered diverse influences, particularly from the indigenous Bon religion. The resulting amalgamation of these influences actively shaped the Tibetan Buddhism we know today.

Believed to have been adopted from the Bon tradition, elements like prayer flags and burning incense highlight the interplay and integration between the two belief systems. The synergy between Bon and Buddhism played a crucial role in laying the groundwork for the development of Tibetan Buddhism, incorporating essential elements from both traditions into its practice.

Four major Sects of Tibetan Buddhism

Moreover, the emergence of Buddhist scholars within Tibet played a crucial role in significantly influencing the internal growth of Tibetan Buddhism. These scholars actively contributed to the development of Buddhism, ultimately giving rise to distinct sects. Over time, Tibetan Buddhism underwent evolution, giving way to four major sects:

  1. Nyingma: Guru Padmasambhava founded this sect, renowned for its extensive tradition of teachings and practices.
  2. Kagyu: Marpa Chökyi Lodrö founded this sect, and his disciple Milarepa continued its legacy, placing a strong emphasis on meditation practices.
  3. Sakya: Khön Könchok Gyalpo founded the Sakya sect, characterized by its scholarly and philosophical approach.
  4. Gelug: Je Tsongkhapa established this sect, putting significant emphasis on monastic discipline and philosophical study.

The Gelug sect, known for its focus on scholarly study, logic, and rigorous monastic discipline, evolved from the Kadam tradition. Initially founded by the Indian master Atisha, this tradition was later continued by his Tibetan disciple Dromtonpa. The diverse influences and internal growth illustrated by the development of these sects within Tibetan Buddhism contribute to the distinctive and multifaceted nature of Tibetan Buddhist practice and philosophy.

Religion Sects

Nyingma Sect

Nyingma School is a tradition based on ancient Buddhist legends, mainly based on Berozana’s translation of Indian Buddhist texts. As a tantric system, it is called Sangngak Nyingma. Its teachings are handed down from the...
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Kagyu sect – Secret of Oral transmission from Milarepa

The Kagyu Sect was developed during the Later transmission period of Buddhism in the 11th and 12nd centuries.  and belongs to the newly translated tantra school. At the beginning, there were two founders: one is...
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Sakya Sect

Tibetan Buddhism, In 1073 BC, Tibetan Lama Kongchog Gyalpo built Sakya Monastery and advocated his own Esoteric disciplines and called it “Sakya Sect”. Enclosures around the Sakya monasteries are painted with red, white and black...
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Geluk Sect – Yellow hat School founded Lama Tsongkhapa

Originating in 1409, the Geluk Sect of Tibetan Buddhism was formed during the Reformation led by Je Tsongkhapa, a renowned reformer in the history of Tibetan Buddhism in the 15th century. He was born when...
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Bon Sect – Tibetan Native Religion

Learn about the history of the Bön religion, its teachings, and the influence of Buddhism. Discover how Zhang Zhung, an ancient state, played a significant role in its development and eventual assimilation into Tibetan culture.
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Exploring the Rich History and Cultural Treasures of Sakya Monastery

Discover the rich cultural and historical background of Sakya, the birthplace of Tibetan Buddhism's Sakya sect, and explore its unique architectural style, ancient scriptures, and valuable artifacts. Learn about the...
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Exploring the Mysteries of Medicine Buddha Mandala: A Unique Healing Sanctuary

Explore the mesmerizing Medicine Buddha City, an architectural marvel adorned with 16,000 pillars, surrounded by enchanting courtyards filled with millions of medicinal plants. Uncover the divine realm within the Immeasurable...
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Lama Tsongkhapa and His Eight main Disciples: The Mastermind Behind Gelug School

The Life and Influence of Tsongkhapa Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) རྗེ་ཙོང་ཁ་བ་བློ་བཟང་གྲགས་པ། was a pivotal figure in Tibetan Buddhism, particularly as the founder of the Gelug school, often referred to as the “Yellow...
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Padmasambhava: Most Powerful Lotus-Born Master of Tibetan Buddhism

Discover the life and teachings of Master Padmasambhava, also known as Guru Rinpoche, the 8th-century founder of Tibetan Buddhism. Explore his miraculous birth, profound teachings, and the eight manifestations that...
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Understanding Vajrayana’s Tsok Offering: A Path to Spiritual Fulfillment

Delve into the transformative power of Tsok Offering, a key practice in Vajrayana Buddhism. Explore its versatility and inclusivity, offering spiritual benefits like breaking negative karma, extending longevity, and protecting...
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Ekajati: The Unique Deity of Protection in Tibetan Buddhism

Explore the significance of Ekajati, also known as 'One-Whisker Vajra Varahi,' in Tibetan Buddhism. Discover her multifaceted nature as a symbol of fierce compassion and protection within the spiritual realm....
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Parnashavari: Unique Healing Goddess and Her Mystical powers of Buddhism

Discover the profound benefits of the Parnashavari Mantra for healing and protection against diseases. Explore the ancient Buddhist tradition and the significance of this powerful incantation.
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Unveiling Usnisa Vijaya: The Radiant Source of Spiritual Mastery and Longevity

Discover the profound significance of Usnisa Vijaya, the source of wisdom vital for the path to enlightenment, as mentioned in the "Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra." Explore the transformative teachings of the "Ushnisha...
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White Tara: Popular Compassionate Goddess of Longevity and Wisdom

Explore the mystical world of White Tara (Dolkar), a revered Tibetan Buddhist goddess. Delve into her origin story, rooted in the tears of Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva, and discover her symbolic significance...
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Other Religions in Tibet

Islam and Catholicism have relatively smaller followings in Tibet, mainly concentrated in specific local areas. Most of the Islamic adherents are descendants of Hui people who migrated from regions such as Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan, and some from Central Asia during the Qing Dynasty. Catholicism was introduced in 1626 but has very few followers.

The religious landscape in the Tibet Autonomous Region includes over 1,700 Tibetan Buddhist temples with approximately 46,000 monks and nuns residing in them. Additionally, there are 88 Bon religion temples with over 3,000 monks, 93 living Buddhas, and more than 130,000 believers. The region is home to four mosques catering to over 3,000 followers of Islam, and one Catholic Church with more than 700 parishioners.

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